NADH, short for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, is a crucial coenzyme in cells. In the biochemical arena, NADH is known as the guardian of life energy for its diverse functions and wide range of roles.

Ⅰ.Structure and production of NADH

Composed of nicotinamide (N), adenine (A), and dinucleotide (D), NADH is the reduced form of NAD+ (oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). It is mainly produced in the citric acid cycle during glycolysis and cell respiration, and as a carrier and electron donor of biohydrogen, it transfers energy to supply ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation process in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Ⅱ.The core functions of NADH

• Energy production: NADH transfers electrons to the electron transport chain by participating in oxidative phosphorylation within the cell, which is ultimately used to synthesize ATP. This is the primary way in which energy is produced within the cell, powering the cell’s various activities.
  
• Antioxidant effect: NADH has antioxidant properties that can help maintain the reducing environment within cells and combat damage caused by free radicals. This antioxidant effect is essential for protecting cells from damage caused by oxidative stress.
  
• Metabolic regulation: The ratio of NADH to NAD+ is important for many metabolic pathways. As coenzymes, they are involved in many enzymatic reactions, such as those catalyzed by dehydrogenase, thereby regulating the metabolic processes of cells.

Ⅲ.The broad role of NADH

1.Nervous system health

NADH plays an important role in neuronal energy metabolism and may be related to the health of the nervous system. Studies have shown that NADH significantly boosts the production of the neurotransmitter dopamine and improves short-term memory, involuntary movement, muscle tone, and spontaneous physical responses.

2.Cardiovascular health

NADH improves age-related vascular dysfunction by reducing excessive superoxide production in aging arteries. It also enhances metabolic flux and reduces cellular reactive oxygen species, thereby protecting the cardiovascular system.

3.Anti-aging and DNA repair

NADH can stimulate the concentration of M-6 (cytokine il-6) synthesis, maintain the protective layer of nerve cells, enhance the function of antibodies in the blood, thereby enhancing immunity and delaying aging. At the same time, it also protects and repairs DNA, reducing cancer caused by genetic mutations.

4.Improved Diabetes

NADH helps improve type 2 diabetes by improving glucose intolerance and improving insulin sensitivity. It also restores the expression of fatty acid beta-oxidation genes and compensates for the deficiency of insulin secretion in diabetics.

5.Cancer treatment

NADH can repair DNA damage, strong antioxidant, increase cell ATP energy, and then inhibit the formation and development of cancer cells, and cause apoptosis of cancer cells. This plays an important role in the nutritional rehabilitation of cancer patients.

Ⅳ.NADH applicable groups and precautions

NADH is suitable for the elderly, middle-aged people, people who stay up late, test takers, people with higher radiation doses, bodybuilders, athletes, drinkers, depressed people and many other groups. However, there is still debate about the effectiveness and safety of NADH as a dietary supplement. The effects of NADH supplementation may vary from individual to individual, and further studies are needed to confirm the safety of long-term use. Before considering the use of any form of NADH supplement, it is recommended to consult a doctor or professional healthcare provider first.

NADH, as an important coenzyme in cells, plays a vital role in life activities with its diverse functions and extensive functions. It is not only the guardian of life energy, but also a strong backing for our healthy life. With the continuous deepening of scientific research, it is believed that NADH will show its unique charm and value in more fields.